Early
Emergent/Emergent typically
pre-kindergarten-kindergarten
- represents spoken language with temporary and/or conventional
spelling
- demonstrates understanding of literary language (e.g.,"once
upon a time," variety of sentence patterns)
- writes most letters of the alphabet
- writes and/or participates in writing behaviors

Developing
typically first grade
- writes all upper and lower case letters of alphabet
- uses phonics knowledge and basic patterns (e.g., an, ee, ake) to
spell correctly three- and four-letter words
- applies phonics to write independently, using temporary and/or
conventional spelling
- uses basic punctuation and basic capitalization

Early
Independent typically
second grade
- correctly spells, using previously studied words and spelling
patterns in one's own writing
- represents with appropriate letters all the sounds of a word when
writing
- begins to use formal language and/or literary language in place of
oral language patterns, as appropriate
- plans and makes judgments about what to include in written
products
- with guided discussion, revises to clarify and refine writing
- given help with organization, writes structured, informative
presentations and narratives
- attends to spelling, mechanics, and format for final products in
one's own writing

Independent
typically third grade
- demonstrates and uses pre-writing strategies (drawing,
brainstorming, webbing, or story boarding)
- revises by ading and/or deleting for elaboration/clarification
- edits to verify and self-correct spelling, capitalization, and
punctuation
- writes for pleasure
- assesses own performance in writing
- uses paragraphs to organize information
- uses concepts of order and time
- chooses to use vocabulary, ideas, themes, and language structures
from books in own writing
- writes a variety of literary, informational, and practical texts
(fairy tales, poetry, recipes, news articles, interviews, etc.)
- writes to support ideas with reference to evidence presented in
text
- demonstrates voice, sense of audience, purpose

Fourth
Grade
- understands and uses stages in the process of writing with direct
teacher support
- recognizes errors in own and others' writing
- makes comments about and gives suggestions for adding to another's
writing
- revises by sequencing events and ideas in logical order
- experiments to combine sentences
- edits written work for errors in sentence formation, usage,
mechanics, and spelling
- writes using multiple characters and episodes with teacher support
- writes literary, information and practical compositions with
teacher support
- writes on a variety of topics
- assesses own growth in reading by writing in learning log/response
journal
- writes imaginative and personal narratives to develop a logical
sequence of events within an overall action
- writes imaginative and personal narratives that have a coherent,
logical, and organized structure
- writes imaginative narratives with sufficient, related detail that
revolve around an event and have a resolution
- writes personal narratives with sufficient, related detail that
recount events experienced, read, or heard about
- expresses main idea and supporting detail in descriptive writing
- summarizes new information and ideas and discovers points not
understood by writing in learning log

Fifth
Grade
- selects vocabulary from reading and discussion to use in own
writing
- consults available sources to improve or enhance writing
- revises by refining, beginning and ending paragraphs
- uses variations of letters, print styles or fonts appropriate to
task
- uses concrete images and vivid descriptions in writing poetry and
prose
- writes using multiple characters and episodes with teacher support
and independently
- assess individual performance on a task by writing in a learning
log
- expresses main idea and uses details in expository (clarification)
writing
- writes descriptions that provide sufficient, related information
to provide an overall impression or view
- writes descriptions that have a coherent, logical, and organized
structure
- completes standard forms requiring personal information
- writes formal letters, social letters, and invitations, and
distinguishes between the purposes for each
- questions the significance, application, or relevance of new
information or ideas by writing in reading log
- reflects about, between, and beyond what is read by writing in
reading log

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